Research: Sound

Sound

Terminology

There are two types of different sound:

- Diegetic sound: is a sound that takes part of the film world for example: dialogue, music from a radio, jukebox etc.

- Non -diegetic sound: is a sound that doesn't take part of the film world for example: soundtrack, sound effects, voice overs etc.

On screen sound

You and other any audience are able to see where the sound is coming from for example: Radio, cars, character talking etc,

Of screen sound

Unlike the on screen sound, you can hear the sound but you cannot see where the sound is coming from (Although it makes sense to the film world) for example: traffic sounds, people cheering, coughing etc.

Parallel sound

Is a sound that you are expected to hear for example: a scene where parents, adults and children are playing on a beach - the parallel sound for this would be laughter, talking, the sea etc.

Contrapuntal sound

Contrapuntal sound is when the sound doesn't match the expectations of what you and the other audience are viewing, an example of this is a thriller film called 'Jaws' - the scene of the beach are escorted by the contrapuntal sound of the theme tune 'dun dun'/ which doesn't make sense because it does not fit in with the happy images.

Voiceover

Voiceover is a narration in a thriller film that is not supported by a synchronised image of the speaker forming the words.



Reseach: Editing

Editing

Speed of Editing

Films are joined together at certain parts, the length of each shot determines the pace of the film and helps determine the mood.

The video above shows an example of speed editing.

General trailers

Trailers are a good way in connecting an audience to a film, trailers usually use a mixture:

-          Editing styles

-          Techniques

-          Speed

They use those mixtures to appeal to an audience and to also advertise a film.

Straight cut

This editing is when one shot moves into another shot in an edit and it doesn’t confuse the audience.

The video above shows an example of a straight cut.

Fade to black  

This editing is when the one shot moves or goes into another, there is a black filter in between.

The video above shows an example of Fade to black.

Dissolve

This editing is when one shot disintegrates into another.

The video above shows an example of Dissolve.

Wipe cut

This editing is when the shot slides into another, it causes the shot to push another shot off and on the screen, this is used to change into the next scene in a way that the audience will notice

Reaction shot

This editing is when any shot in which a subject reacts to a previous shot. This is often used as a cutaway.

Montage

This editing is where shots are quickly juxtaposed together to create excitement, in other words, speed of editing. 

Slow editing

This editing is when clips are put together at a normal pace, this is to create fluency.

180 degree rule

This editing is when a hypothetical line is drawn between two or more actors. The camera mustn’t shoot on the other side of the line and this is because it can confuse the audience. Also the shooting will not be consistent, this is why they call is a 180 degree rule.

 

Shot reverse shot

This editing is when (mostly) two people are talking, switching faces as they talk.

Jump cut

This is an edit where a shot quickly changes/jumps to another shot drastic – a drastic camera movement that is noticeable to the eye.

Research: Cinematography

AS Media - Ms Begum

What is Cinematography?
Cinematography has many techniques of photography (for picture and movie), it is looking at the way the shot is framed, the angle it is taken in and the movement of the camera. 

Here is a list of many different camera shots:

XLS (Extreme Long Shot) - is taking a extreme long shot (taking a picture far away from that person, building etc,) of a person, building or any object.  An example of this is a movie called Star War, if you look at the picture above you can see that the character picture was taken in extreme long shot. It seems that they did this to show the audience the area/environment that he is in.

LS (Long Shot) - is taking a long shot of a person (or building, objects etc.) far way, but not further than extreme long shot, the long shot should show the whole body of the person. An example of this is a movie called World War Z, if you look at the picture above you can see that the character picture was captured in long shot. The audience can see the character looking around feeling frighten and worried that he might make a wrong move that can killed him,

MS (Medium shot) - is taking a medium shot of a person (or buildings, object etc.), it shows less than a long shot and more than a close-up. Another shot similar to a medium shot is called MCU (medium close up)  - it is the same but a bit closer, showing maybe from the head to chest. An example of this is a movie called World War Z, if you look at the picture above you can see the picture was captured in medium shot. The audience can see the character looking like he's trying to run away from someone, trying to get in the car as quickly as possible to get away. 

CU (Close up) - taking a close shots, unlike the other shots this is more closer than them, it only shows the face of the character. An example of this is from a movie called The Hunger Games, if you look above you can see the picture was taken as close up. The audience can tell that the character is serious by just looking at her face, this shows that the character is focused on what she needs to do.

ECU (Extreme Close-Up) is a camera shot much closer than close up, this shot shows the details (Emotions, Expressions etc.) of the character. An example of it is a movie called The Bride, this shot was taken as extreme close up. The audience can see the blood on the character face and can see that she's worried that she might get cause by just looking at her eyes.

ES (Establishing shot) is when you take a shot of the scene, most films use establishing shot at the start of the film. Establishing shot shows the audience of the scene the character will be set in. There's an example of a Establishing shot above, this shot was taken from a movie called The Grudge.

Low shots makes the character/actors (or anyone takings low angle shots) appear bigger than normal. The picture (above) was taken as a low angle shot, this shot was taken from the movie called Spiderman. The audience can see that the character is shocked and confuse and it seems that he's doing something unusual (by looking at his face expressions).

High angle shots makes the characters/actors appear smaller than normal. High angle shots is usually used when something 'Exciting blood rushing' moment happen for example: Fighting scene, car chasing scene etc.
The picture above was taken from a movie called James Bond. It shows the audience that he's in trouble - it looks like he ran out of energy and is tired. It also shows the audience that he's getting ready to shoot someone.

Panning shot is when you're taking a shot while the camera moves across. It's usually used when there's a speed up scene involve or when vehicle is used etc. for example: Running from the police, driving, car chasing. The picture above is a panning shot, it was taken from a movie called Fast and Furious. The audience can see that the driver is riding as fast as he can as if he's trying to go somewhere in time.

Tilt shot is when the camera is moving up and down. It is usually used when someone is climbing, jumping down the building etc. An example of it is Spiderman, title shot was used when Spiderman was swinging across the city.




After spending more than an hour of research and doing a lesson of it, I now know the meaning of Cinematography and I've learnt various of shots. When I'm creating an opening for my coursework, I will know which shots to use while filming.